A recent study examined the effectiveness of a nudge aimed at encouraging credit cardholders to pay more than the minimum amount each month. Despite successfully reducing the number of consumers who paid only the minimum, the nudge had little impact on credit card debt, spending, or borrowing costs.
The Impact of a Nudge on Credit Card Debt
A recent study examined the effectiveness of a nudge aimed at encouraging credit cardholders to pay more than the minimum amount each month. The goal was to help consumers avoid falling into credit card debt traps. However, the results of the study showed that the nudge had little impact on consumers’ credit card debt.
( Credit to: Chicagobooth )
The experiment involved over 40,000 consumers, and the nudge tested by the researchers did succeed in reducing the number of consumers who opted to automatically pay only the minimum amount on their credit card each month. However, this change did not translate into a significant decrease in credit card debt, spending, total payments, or borrowing costs over the following seven months.
Understanding Credit Card Debt and Minimum Payments
Credit card debt is a major issue, with outstanding balances in the United States alone exceeding $1 trillion. High interest rates, often exceeding 20 percent, make it crucial to address this problem. Minimum payments, which are typically 1 percent of the statement balance, can act as a psychological anchor, causing consumers to only pay the minimum or slightly more. This can be a costly choice, as evidenced by the fact that 20 percent of UK credit cardholders enrolled in the minimum automatic payment option account for 43 percent of total interest and fees.
The study aimed to remove this minimum payment anchor through a nudge. Working with two UK lenders, the researchers eliminated the visible minimum payment option during automatic payment enrollment for a group of consumers. Instead, they only saw two alternatives: they could either enter a fixed amount to pay each month or choose to pay the balance in full. A control group of consumers saw all three options.
The Success of the Nudge in Shifting Behavior
The nudge succeeded in shifting consumers away from paying only the minimum amount. The percentage of consumers who paid only the minimum amount decreased by 23 percent in the nudged group compared to the control group. Additionally, the nudge reduced the number of borrowers who opted for automatic minimum payments.
However, despite these changes in behavior, the study found that consumers in the nudged group did not have lower credit card debt over the seven-month period. They also had a higher rate of missed payments and made fewer additional non-automatic payments.
The Role of Financial Means in Credit Card Payments
Further analysis of the data revealed a possible reason for the nudge’s lack of success. Many consumers simply did not have the financial means to pay more than the minimum amount. Bank account data for a subset of cardholders showed that half of them had no readily accessible cash in the 90 days prior to applying for a credit card. Some even had negative balances due to overdraft fees. These bank account balances predicted the credit card payment decisions made months later. Consumers with small positive cash balances before opening their credit cards were more likely to pay off a larger percentage of their balances seven months later compared to those with empty or negative accounts.
The study’s findings highlight the importance of evaluating nudges based on their real economic effects. While psychological insights can be effective in changing behavior, they may not necessarily lead to tangible improvements in financial outcomes.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the study showed that a nudge aimed at encouraging credit cardholders to pay more than the minimum amount had little impact on reducing credit card debt. Many consumers simply did not have the financial means to make larger payments. This highlights the need to consider individuals’ financial situations when designing interventions to address credit card debt.